Karamzin download biography

Karamzin Nikolay, as the author, achieved overwhelming success with the reading public, as the stylist transformed the Russian literary language, as the editor stood at the origins of the best literary magazine of his time, as the thinker laid the foundation of Russian conservatism, and as a historian, as a historian, he has immortalized his name “Russian history”.

Childhood and youth Nikolai Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin was born on December 1 12 in Mikhailovka - the Orenburg estate of his father. Mother died when the boy barely reached three years. In the first years, he spent in the Simbirsk village of Znamensky - another fatherly estate. Having learned literacy early, Karamzin immediately addicted to books, and already at the age of 8 he was read out by the “Roman history” of Titus Libya.

He also manifested the ability to languages. By the age of 10, the boy fluently explained in German and French, and later mastered English, Italian, Greek and Latin. The systematic education and training of the future writer took place from the GG. He gathered a lot about the ethical significance of religion and the social role of the monarchy in communication with Professor I.

Shaden, which laid the foundation for the political views of Nikolai Karamzin. According to the customs of the Catherine’s era, Nikolai Karamzin as a noble name of a good name from the cradle was recorded in the guard. In the year, the summer young man appeared in St. Petersburg for actual service in the Preobrazhensky regiment, but the military career did not seduce him, and on January 1, he resigned as a lieutenant.

Dmitriev - a novice poet and his distant relative. This acquaintance was ascended to Karamzin to the first literary experiments, which concluded in translations from German. The life of Nikolai Karamzin returned in the year after his father’s death in Simbirsk, Karamzin was carried away by Shakespeare's translations and was a Freemasonry fashion in Russia. The latter attracted him not his mystical and ritual side, but as a conservative opposition to the growing unbelief of the enlightened classes.

However, the interest in the activities of free mason lasted only until the spring of the year, until the first foreign trip. By that time, Karamzin, who moved to Moscow in the year, had a solid experience of translations from European languages, in which he hone his syllable and style. A trip to Europe stretched for 13 months. He talked with Kant, he saw Goethe, listened to Robespierre's speeches.

Road notes, with brilliance set forth in the year in the “letters of the Russian traveler”, made Karamzin the famous, and the story “Poor Lisa” published in the same year made a sensation in society. Sentimentalism then became fashionable, and the manner of writing Karamzin was recognized as exemplary. The first loud success allowed summer Nikolai Karamzin to begin his career as a professional writer.

He issued a three -volume of the pantheon of foreign literature, including works of various authors from antiquity to the present, published about a dozen stories, and conducted journalistic activities. As the editor of the “Bulletin of Europe”, Karamzin created the type of Russian “Tolstoy” magazine, combining works of art, fiction and journalism. In the year, a furious dispute broke out about the advantages and disadvantages of the Karamzin style, the reason for which was given by A.

Shishkov’s work “The Reasoning of the Old and New Slog”. Supporters and opponents fiercely poked, but Karamzin himself did not take any participation in the dispute. At this time, he plunged into writing a voluminous essay on Russian history, which he devoted all his subsequent life. The hobby of antiquity became a turning point in the biography of N. The image of his life found dimension.

He spent winter in Moscow, in the summer leaving for the estate of the princes of Vyazemsky Ostafyevo to study the annals, letters and charters. The result of many years of painstaking work was 8 volumes of the famous “History of the Russian State”. In the middle of the x. Speransky in the year. In the year, Karamzin moved to St. Petersburg, where he lived the last 10 years of his life.

His usual St. Petersburg daily routine consisted of morning work on the “history”, daytime riding and evening pastime with the family and friends. The circle of his communication was V. Zhukovsky, P. Vyazemsky, K. Batyushkov, P. Kaverin, S. Uvarov, for some time - A. The death of the sovereign in the year became a big blow to Karamzin, and he did not survive his royal friend much.

The creativity of Nikolai Karamzin the meaning of Karamzin for Russian culture is exclusively. As the most outstanding literary figure of his generation, he defined the preferences of the public and changed the book tastes, showing the reader elegant sentimentalism and “new sensitivity” instead of heavy classicism and “noisy heroics”. The brilliant style inherent in his "bestsellers" - first of all, to the "notes of the Russian traveler" and "poor Lisa," - delighted readers and served as the beginning of the radical change of Russian literary speech - from Lomonosov’s language to Pushkin’s language.Karamzin replaced the clumsy Latin syntax and Old Slavonic turns with a spectacular French style, in introducing gallicisms - accurate translations of French concepts into Russian.

Reform was instant success. As an editor of the "Bulletin of Europe" January - December. Karamzin proved himself as a publicist and political observer. At the beginning of the reign of Alexander I, the independence of views and judgments was not forbidden, and therefore Karamzin quite freely talked about the benefits and dangers of the French revolution, approved George Washington and preached the benefits of the common good.

On the pages of the “messenger”, the line of political realism dominated the fashionable doctrines of liberalism and the groundless dreams of reaction to restore the “old order”. The metaphorically political concept of Karamzin was stated in his story “Martha-Posaditsa”, where the poetry of the exalted dreaminess of Martha oppressed the prose of the state benefit, embodied in the Grand Duke.

These works of Karamzin had a great influence on Lermontov and Dostoevsky. The main work of the life of N. Karamzin was the languid "history of the Russian state." Perennial “archival studies” allowed Karamzin to create an integral work, which consistently set out the history of the Fatherland from Rurik to Troubles and the idea of ​​the good of the monarchy for the state was carried out.

Karamzin used a style that is different from his early works. The “History” is characterized by archaization of vocabulary, “important simplicity”, aphorism. When in the year the first 8 volumes were published by a circulation of 3 thousand. Even during the life of Karamzin, “History” was translated into German, French, Italian and Polish. Pinable reviews prevailed, literary virtues and the degree of elaboration of the material emphasized.

In general admiration, the critic of M. Kachenovsky, N. Muravyov and F. Bulgarin, and the ulcerative remarks of A. Pushkin about "the need for autocracy and the charms of the whip." Nevertheless, after years, “history” remains beloved readers and is recognized as a masterpiece of Russian historical thought. The family and personal life of Nikolai Karamzin N. Karamzin, as all contemporaries noted, was a man of a noble manner, did not repent to anyone, did not look for cheap benefits, and always retained dignity.

He never answered his critics, did not take revenge on enemies, did not throw friends in trouble. In secular conversations and disputes, Karamzin showed no less eloquence and clarity than the works characteristic of his works. The writer was married twice. In April, he played a wedding with Elizaveta Ivanovna Protasova, whom he had been warmly loved for many years. Unfortunately, a year later she died in a postpartum fever, leaving her daughter Sophia.

In January, Karamzin married Ekaterina Andreevna Kolyvanova, the illegitimate daughter of Prince A. The Vyazemsky and Revengear sister of the famous prince P. Ekaterina Andreevna, incredibly cute in her youth, became the faithful companion of her famous husband. In this marriage, 9 children were born, three of whom died in early childhood. Among the children it is worth mentioning Catherine, in marriage, Princess Meshcherskaya, whose salon at the beginning of the reign of Alexander II was considered the center of the conservative noble opposition; Andrei - a dashing officer of the time of the Caucasian Wars who died in the Crimean campaign; Alexandra - “secular Leo and Corifei of the St.

Petersburg hotels” and Vladimir, who in his youth, who fought with M. Lermontov and A. Tolstoy, and in the civil service of the secret adviser who reached the rank. The offspring of N. Karamzin continues today along the line of his daughter Catherine. The death and funeral of Karamzin, which brought Karamzin to the grave, became the result of the uprising on December 14.

Karamzin was in the Winter Palace when he learned about the performance of the guards regiments against the accession to the throne of Nikolai Pavlovich. Easily dressed, Karamzin followed Senate Square and became a witness to the broken bloody events. In a letter to the old friend of Dmitriev, on December 19, Karamzin launched about the "ridiculous tragedy of our crazy liberalists." He returned home in a fever, but spent a few more days on his feet.

The disease worsened at the end of January, then retreated, then a new crisis came. Doctors stated a consumption and advised a trip to Italy, the new emperor ordered the frigate for these needs. But on May 22, on June 2, the great historiographer died. He was buried in the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.