Vyach Ivanov Biography

Literary current: symbolism by Ivanov Vyacheslav Ivanovich on February 16, Moscow-July 16, Rome, Russian Simvalist poet, philosopher, philologist, translator, playwright, literary critic, doctor of philological sciences, one of the ideological inspirers of the "Silver Age". Born 16 on February 16 in Moscow. Father, a small official-landing, died when Vyacheslav Ivanov was five years old.

In an autobiographical letter, S. Boy was brought up by a mother, who from childhood saw a poet in him. During the years of study at the 1st Moscow gymnasium, he graduated from the Golden Medal Ivanov was covered by “Slavic enthusiasm”, related to the Russo-Turkish war, wrote patriotic poems. He experienced a youthful hobby atheism and populism, without ceasing to write poems and poems about Christ.

The gymnasium years became for Vyacheslav Ivanov “the beginning of a long and harsh hardware”: he became interested in ancient languages, ancient, European and Russian history. Vyacheslav Ivanov continued his favorite subjects at the Faculty of Historical and Philology of Moscow University, where he entered his student work in ancient languages, he was awarded the university prize, he was one of the beloved students of professor-historian P.

He left the university to Ivanov and, together with his wife, Dmitrievskaya went to Germany, where he was engaged in Roman law, economics and history at the University of Berlin, under the leadership of the world famous professor T. Mommsen, to whom he dedicated enthusiastic lines in his poetic diary. Then it was awakened by “the need to recognize Russia in its idea,” leading to a thoughtful study of Russian religious philosophy and at the same time - nietzscheanism.

At the end of the university course, Vyacheslav Ivanov began to write a dissertation in Roman history, combining work on it with traveling in Europe and work in libraries of France, England and Italy. In Ivanov, he met the writer L. Zinovieva-Annibal, about whom he wrote: "We found each other-each ourselves and more than ourselves: I would say, we have gained God." In, after several years of life in a civil marriage, Ivanov and Zinoviev-Annibal were married-in violation of civil and church laws, prohibiting both marriage as divorced spouses.

Ivanov settled with his wife in Athens, from where he made pilgrimages to Egypt and Palestine, then he rented a house in Geneva. He studied Sanskrit, was engaged in the history of the Greek-Donisian cults and the study of the Roman faith in the Ecumenical Mission of Rome. In the Paris Higher Russian School of Public Sciences, he read the course of lectures on the history of Dionysian cults, the content of which was set out in the works “Hellenic religion of the suffering God” and “Religion of Dionysus” in the same years felt that the poet “revealed itself” in it.

With the began to publish translations in particular, from Pindar and poems in Russian magazines Cosmopolis and the Bulletin of Europe, prepared the book of poetry “Feed Stars” initially Vyacheslav Ivanov intended to include his theoretical work in it, but later decided to limit himself to poems. The name of the book is associated with the "Book of Horms" - the Byzantine religious collection.

In his verses, both personal experiences, and historical and mythical images - oceanids, hesperides, Safo, Orpheus, Colosseum, Titans, etc. were embodied. Paganism and Christianity became the landmarks on equal terms, Dionysus is not so much a pagan God as a symbol of ecstasy, a violent experience of life, the Blessed Augustine and the Virgin - the patroness of the "land of the Holy".

After the release of the "helmsman", some critics called Vyacheslav Ivanov "Trediakovsky of our days", defining his poetry as an archaic phenomenon. Contrary to this common opinion, V. Bryusov believed that Ivanov “a real artist who understands modern tasks of the verse ... a truly modern person involved in all our searches, bewilders, and anxiety.” The book "Thermal Stars" has become one of the most expressive phenomena of Russian symbolism.

In the circle of Symbolists A. Blok, V. Bryusov, K. Balmont, D. Merezhkovsky, Yu. Baltrusitis and others. Vyacheslav Ivanov was recognized as the leader of this direction, the leading theoretician and practitioner. The second book of poems “Transparency” was published in the Moscow publishing house “Scorpio”, which caused the enthusiastic reviews of Blok, Bryusov, etc., Ivanov and his wife returned to Russia and settled in St.

Petersburg. Soon, the “tower”, on which the Ivanovo Environment was held weekly, became the most famous literary and philosophical salon of St. Petersburg. Describing the atmosphere of these meetings, their regular participant philosopher N. Berdyaev wrote: “On the Ivanovo media there were people of very different gifts, provisions and directions. Mystical anarchists and Orthodox, decadents and Academician professors, neo Christians and social democrats, poets and scientists, artists and thinkers, actors and public figures-all peacefully converged on the Ivanovo tower and peacefully talked on the topics of literary, philosophical, religious, occult, about the literary evil of the day and about the latter, about the latter, about the latter, about the latter final problems of being.But the tone and mystical style prevailed.

” Berdyaev considered Ivanov “the most sophisticated and universal representative of the spirit not only of Russian culture of the early 20th century. M. Voloshin, A. Blok, M. Dobuzhinsky, L. Bakst, M. Kuzmin, K. Somov, A. Remizov, Sun. Meyerhold, D. Merezhkovsky, Z. Gippius, V. Bryusov and others. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, up to 60 poets, artists, artists, thinkers, and scientists gathered here one evening.

In Meyerhold, he put the drama of Calderon “Worship of the Cross” here. During the years of the first Russian revolution, Russian and foreign journalists gathered on the “tower”, M. met with them here “society of zealots of the artistic word” was formed, with which the creative formation of N. Gumilyov, O. Mandelstam, V. Khlebnikov, etc., was associated with the St.

Petersburg wing of symbolism, whose spiritual leader was preaching the Nadiens, the cathedral of culture. In the expression of these ideas, Ivanov organized the Ora Publishing House - as opposed to the publisher of the Moscow Symbolists Scorpio, in which the self -worth of art was preached. In the same year, L. Skarlatina died the death of his wife was a heavy blow to Vyacheslav Ivanov.

He felt a mystical connection with the deceased, recorded dreams and visions associated with her, was sure that it was the late wife who ordered him to marry her daughter from her first marriage V. Zinovieva-Annibal’s memory is devoted to the poetic book “Cor Ardens” “Flaming Heart”, the image of the flame of the poet and his lover coexists on the pages of the book with the “heart of the Sun-Dionis”, mystical hymns-with sonnets and chancers, the “Chalice of evil” of the first Russian revolution-with the Dionysian thirsty.

In Ivanov, he published a collection of articles “on the stars”, in which he outlined the main theoretical provisions of symbolism. Finally they were formulated by him in the article "Simbolismo" publ. Their artistic embodiment was carried out in the journal "Apollo" OSN. Before his departure to Italy, he played an important role in the St. Petersburg “Religious and Philosophical Society”, was engaged in theosophy, and for some time was passionate about anthroposophy.

Upon returning to Russia, he settled in Moscow and became close to the thinkers who were united around the Path publishing house, V. Ernoy, S. Bulgakov, P. Florensky, M. Gershenzon, Berdyaev, etc. Conversations with Gershenzon, which Ivanov conducted, became the basis of the joint book “Correspondence of two corners” written in the antique tradition of philosophical conversations.

By the same time, Ivanov’s friendship with composer A. The creative activity of Vyacheslav Ivanov was high: he translated the Greek classics - Alkeya, Safo, Aeschylus, as well as the sonnets of Petrarch; He published books by the articles “Swords and Mezhi”, “Native and Ecumenical”, in which he reflected on the “fate of the Ecumenicals”, which manifested both in the work of Russian classics and in the events of the First World War and the Revolution.

Vyacheslav Ivanov wrote about the Russian revolution: “The revolution proceeds is non -religious. The integral self -determination of the people cannot be non -immutable. So, the revolution does not pretend to the holistic folk self -determination. ” This idea is expressed in the verses of “songs of the Time of Troubles” while maintaining political loyalty, Ivanov worked in the theater and literary department of the People's Commissariat, conducted classes in the sections of the Proletcult, wrote poems the poem “Infancy”, the tragedy of “Prometheus”, and others.

At the same time, he repeatedly attempted to go abroad. He managed to leave for the North Caucasus, then to Azerbaijan, where he gave lectures at the Department of Classical Philology of the University of Baku. In with the help of A. Lunacharsky, he received permission to travel abroad on a business trip. According to the memoirs of Lydia’s daughter, after arrival in Italy, Ivanov said: “I came to Rome to live in it and die.” Abroad, Ivanov did not participate in the socio-political life of emigration, but returning to the USSR he considered it unacceptable for himself.

He moved to Catholicism, to he received Italian citizenship. The poetry cycles “Roman Sonnet” and “Roman Diary” G. During the years of emigration, Ivanov lectured at Italian educational institutions are associated with Rome, was engaged in scientific work in the Vatican library, and printed articles in German and French Catholic magazines. Died Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov in Rome on June 16