Biography of Little Turgenev

Latest news biography literary critics claim that the artistic system created by the classic has changed the poetics of the novel of the second half of the 19th century.

Ivan Turgenev was the first to feel the appearance of a “new person” - the sixties - and showed him in his composition “Fathers and Children”. Thanks to the writer-realist in the Russian language, the term “nihilist” was born. Ivan Sergeevich introduced the image of a compatriot, who received the definition of the Turgenev Girl. Childhood and youth were born one of the pillars of classical Russian literature in Orel, in an old noble family.

He became the second son of the three born to Barbara Lutovinova and Sergey Turgenev. The portrait of Ivan Turgenev did not work out the family life of parents. The father, who was bought by a handsome cavalryguard, in the calculation did not marry a beauty, but a wealthy girl Varvara, who was 6 years older than him. When Ivan Turgenev turned 12, his father left his family, leaving three children in the care of the wife.

After 4 years, Sergey Nikolaevich died. Soon, the youngest son Sergey died of epilepsy. Sergei Nikolaevich, the father of Ivan Turgenev, Nikolai and Ivan had a hard time - his mother had a despotic character. A smart and educated woman drank a lot of grief in childhood and youth. Father Barbara Lutovinova died when his daughter was a child. Mother, a absurd and despotistical lady, whose image readers saw in Turgenev’s story “Death”, married again.

The stepfather drank and did not hesitate to beat and humiliate the stepdaughter. Not the best way treated her daughter and mother. Due to the cruelty of her mother and the beating of his stepfather, the girl escaped to his native uncle, who left 5 thousand serfs after his death. Varvara Petrovna, the mother of Ivan Turgenev, who did not know in her childhood, her mother, although she loved children, especially Vanya, but treated them in the same way as her parents treated her as a child - her sons were forever remembered by a heavy mother’s hand.

Despite the absurd disposition, Varvara Petrovna was a woman educated. She spoke with her homes exclusively in French, demanding the same from Ivan and Nikolai. A rich library was stored in Spassky, consisting mainly of French books. Ivan Turgenev at the age of 7, when Ivan Turgenev was 9, the family moved to the capital, to the house on Neglinka. Mom read a lot and instilled in children a love of literature.

Preferring French writers, Lutovinov-Turgenev watched literary innovations, was friends with Vasily Zhukovsky and Mikhail Zagoskin. Varvara Petrovna thoroughly knew the work of Nikolai Karamzin, Alexander Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol and quoted them in correspondence with her son. The education of Ivan Turgenev was engaged in tutors from Germany and France, on which the landowner did not spare money.

The wealth of Russian literature by the future writer was opened by the fortress valet Fedor Lobanov, who became the prototype of the hero of the story “Punin and Baburin”. At home and in private boarding houses, the young master went through a secondary school, at the age of 15 he became a student of the capital's university. At the Faculty of Literature, Ivan Turgenev studied the course, then transferred to St.

Petersburg, where he received a university education at the Historical and Philosophical Faculty. In his student years, Turgenev translated the verses of Shakespeare and Lord Byron and dreamed of becoming a poet. Ivan Turgenev in his youth, having received a diploma in the year, Ivan Turgenev continued his education in Germany. In Berlin, he listened to a course of university lectures on philosophy and philology, wrote poetry.

After the Christmas holidays in Russia, Turgenev went to Italy for six months, from where he returned to Berlin. In the spring, GO Ivan Turgenev arrived in Russia and a year later passed exams, having received a master's degree in philosophy at St. Petersburg University. In M he entered the post of the Ministry of the Interior, but he outweighed love for writing and literature.

The literature for the first time Ivan Turgenev performed in the press in the year, publishing a review of Andrei Muravyov’s book “Journey to Holy Places”. A year later, he wrote and published the poems “Shtil on the Sea”, “Phantasmagoria on the Moon Night” and “Dream”. Soon Turgenev and Belinsky became close so that the young writer became the godfather of the son of a famous critic.

The rapprochement with Belinsky and Nikolai Nekrasov influenced Ivan Turgenev’s creative biography: the writer finally said goodbye to the romanticism genre, which became obvious after the publication of the poem “The Landowner” and the novels “Andrei Kolosov”, “Three Portraits” and “Breter”. Ivan Turgenev returned to Russia in m. Lived in a family estate, then in Moscow, then in St.

Petersburg, where he wrote plays that successfully went in theaters of two capitals. Ivan Turgenev responded to the tragic event by an necrologist, but in St. Petersburg, at the command of the chairman of the censorship committee Alexei Musin-Pushkin, they refused to publish him. The newspaper Moskovsky Vedomosti newspaper dared to place a note by Turgenev. Censor did not forgive disobedience.Musin-Pushkin called Gogol a “Lake writer”, not worthy of mentioning in society, besides, he saw a hint of a stacked ban in the necrologist-not to remember Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov in the open press.

The censor wrote the report to Emperor Nicholas I. Ivan Sergeyevich, who was under suspicion due to frequent trips abroad, communicating with Belinsky and Herzen, radical views on serfdom, brought to the even more anger of the authorities. Ivan Turgenev and his contemporary colleagues in April of the same year of the writer were detained for a month, and then they were sent under house arrest in the estate.

For a year and a half, Ivan Turgenev was without a trace in Spassky, for 3 years he had no right to leave the country. Turgenev’s fears about the ban on censorship for the release of “Notes of the Hunter” were not justified by a separate book: a collection of stories previously published in “Contemporary” was published. For the allowing to print the book, the official Vladimir Lvov, who served in the censorship department, was fired.

The cycle includes the stories “Bezhin meadow”, “Biryuk”, “singers”, “county doctor”. Separately, the novels did not pose a danger, but, gathered together, were anti -consuming in nature. The collection of stories by Ivan Turgenev "Notes of the Hunter" Ivan Turgenev wrote both for adults and for children. The prose writer gave the little readers fairy tales and observations-observations “Sparrow”, “Dog” and “Pigeons”, written in a rich language.

In the village solitude, the classic composed the story “Mumu”, as well as the event in the cultural life of Russia, the novels “Noble Nest”, “On the eve”, “Fathers and Children”, “Smoke”. Ivan Turgenev left abroad in the summer of the year. In winter, in Paris, he completed the gloomy story “A trip to Polesie”. In Germany in M, he wrote “Asya” - a story translated during the writer’s life into European languages.

The prototype of Asi, born out of marriage of the daughter of the master and peasant women, critics consider the daughter of Turgenev Pauline Brieru and the illegitimate uninotentated sister Varvara Zhitov. Ivan Turgenev’s novel “Rudin” abroad, Ivan Turgenev, closely followed the cultural life of Russia, conducted a correspondence with writers who remained in the country, talked with emigrants.

Colleagues considered a prose writer a contradictory personality. After the ideological discrepancy with the editors of the “Contemporary”, which became the Rupor of Revolutionary Democracy, Turgenev broke with the magazine. But, having learned about the temporary prohibition of “Contemporary”, he spoke out in his defense. After the release of the novel “Fathers and Children”, he quarreled with the literary public, called progressive.

In the spring of the year, Turgenev came to Petersburg, where the youth met him as an idol. The authorities did not share the delight of the visit of the famous writer, letting Ivan Sergeyevich understand that a long stay of a writer in the city is undesirable. In the summer of that year, Ivan Turgenev visited Britain in Britain - at the University of Oxford, the Russian prose writer was given the title of honorary doctor.

On the penultimate time, Turgenev arrived in Russia in the year. In Moscow, he was present at the opening of the monument to Alexander Pushkin, who was considered a great teacher. The classic called the Russian language the support and support of "in the days of painful thoughts" about the fate of the homeland. Henry Heine compared personal life of a fateful woman who has become the love of the whole life of the writer with the landscape, "simultaneously monstrous and exotic." The Spanish-French singer Polina Viardot, a low and stooping woman, had large male facial features, a large mouth and outstrip.

But when Polina sang, she was fabulously transformed. At such a moment, Turgenev saw the singer and fell in love with a lifetime, for 40 remaining years. Pauline Viardo's personal life of a prose writer before meeting with Viardot looked like an American slides. The first love, about which Ivan Turgenev told with the sorrows in the story of the same name, painfully wounded the summer young man.

He fell in love with the neighbor Katya, the daughter of Princess Shakhovskaya. What disappointment befell Ivan when he found out that his “pure and immaculate” Katya, captivated by children's spontaneity and girlish blush, was the mistress of her father, Sergey Nikolaevich, burned by Lovelas. The young man was disappointed in the "noble" girls and turned the eyes to the girls of ordinary - serfs.

One of the undemanding beauties - Beloshweik Avdotya Ivanov - gave birth to Ivan Turgenev’s daughter Pelagey. But, traveling around Europe, the writer met Viardot, and Avdotya remained in the past. Turgenev’s contemporaries, the writer’s friends and biographers dispersed about this union. Some call it exalted and platonic, others speak of considerable amounts that the Russian landowner left in the house of Polina and Louis.

Viardot’s husband through Turgenev’s connection with his wife looked through his fingers and allowed him to live in their house for months. The writer’s mother did not approve of the connection and dreamed that her favorite offspring would fit, marry a young noblewoman and give legal grandchildren. Pelagia Varvara Petrovna did not complain, she saw a serf in her.

Ivan Sergeyevich loved and regretted his daughter. Ivan Turgenev and Polina Viardo Polina Viardot, listening to the bullying of the despotistical grandmother, was imbued with sympathy for the girl and took her into her house.Pelagia turned into a polish and grew with the children of Viardot. In fairness, it is worth noting that the Pelagia-Polinet Turgenev did not share his father's love for Viardot, believing that the woman stole the attention of her native person.

Cooling in the relations of Turgenev and Viardot came after a three-year separation that happened due to the writer's house arrest. Attempts to forget the fatal passion Ivan Turgenev took twice. In the year, the summer writer met the young beauty Olga, the daughter of Kuzen. But when the wedding was dawn on the horizon, Ivan Sergeyevich was groomed along Polina.

Not wanting to break the life of a summer girl, Turgenev confessed his love for Viardot. Maria Savina The last attempt to break out of the Frenchwoman’s arms happened in M, when Ivan Turgenev was 61 years old. Actress Maria Savina was not afraid of the age difference - his lover was twice as older.