Biography of Pierre Abelara briefly

Pierre Abelir Pierre Abular is the most significant representative of the medieval philosophy of the period of its heyday. The Abular is known in the history of philosophy not only by his views, but also by his life, which is presented by him in the autobiographical work "The History of My Gounses." From an early age, he felt a craving for knowledge, and therefore refused the inheritance in favor of his relatives.

He was educated in various schools, then settled in Paris, where he was engaged in teaching. He gained the glory of skillful dialectics throughout Europe. The Abular was also famous for the love of Eloise, his talented student. Their novel led to a marriage, as a result of which a son was born. But the uncle of Eloise intervened in their relationship, and after he was committed by the abuse of Abelier at the direction of his uncle, Eloise went to the monastery.

Relations between Ablar and his wife are known from their correspondence. The main works of Abelar: “Yes, and not”, “Know yourself”, “Dialogue between the philosopher, Jew and the Christian”, “Christian theology”, etc.

He was a wide -educated person, familiar with the works of Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, with other monuments of ancient culture. The main problem in the work of Abelar is the ratio of faith and reason, this problem was the main one for all scholastic philosophy. The Abular preferred the mind, knowledge of blind faith, so his faith should have a rational justification. Abular is a zealous supporter and adept of scholastic logic, dialectics, which is able to expose all kinds of tricks, which is the difference from sophistry.

According to Abelar, we can improve in faith, only improving our knowledge through dialectics. The Abular defined faith as a “assumption” about things inaccessible to human feelings, as what does not deal with natural things known by sciences. In the work "Yes, no", the Abular analyzes the views of the "Church Fathers", using excerpts from the Bible and their works, and shows the inconsistency of the given statements.

As a result of this analysis, doubts arise in some dogmas of the Church, Christian creed. On the other hand, Abelior did not doubt the main positions of Christianity, but only called for their meaningful assimilation. He wrote that one who does not understand the Holy Scripture is like an Oslu, striving to extract slender sounds from Lyra, not understanding anything in music. According to Abular, the dialectics should consist in questioning the approval of authorities, in the independence of philosophers, in critical attitude to theology.

The views of Abelar were convicted by the Church on the Suasso Cathedral, and by his sentence he himself threw his book "Divine Unity and Trinity" into the fire. In this book, he argued that there is only one single God-father, and God-son and god-spirit of the saint are only manifestations of his power. In the works of "Dialectics", Abular sets out his views on the problem of universals.

He tried to reconcile the extremely realistic and extremely nominalist positions. Extreme nominalism was adhered to by the teacher of Abelyar Roszelin, and the extreme realism was also the teacher of Abelara - a Guille from Shampo. Roszelin believed that there are only single things, there is no common one at all, the common - these are just the names.

With a shampo guille, on the contrary, he believed that the general exists in things as an unchanging essence, and single things only bring individual diversity to a single common essence. Abular believed that a person in the process of his sensory knowledge develops general concepts that are expressed in words that have a particular meaning. Universals are created by a person on the basis of sensory experience by abstracting in the mind of those properties of things that are community for many objects.

As a result of this process of abstraction, the formation of universals occurs, which exist only in the human mind. Such a position, overcoming the extremes of nominalism and realism, subsequently received the name of conceptualism. The Abelior opposed the scholastic speculative and idealistic speculations regarding the knowledge that existed at that time. In the work "Dialogue between the philosopher, Judea and the Christian", the Abular conducts the idea of ​​religious tolerance.

He proves that each religion contains grain of truth, so Christianity cannot assume that it is the only true religion. Only philosophy can achieve truth; It is directed by a natural law, which is free from all kinds of sacred authorities. In following the natural law, moral knowledge consists. In addition to this natural law, people follow all kinds of prescriptions, but they are only unnecessary additions to the natural law that all people follow - conscience.

The ethical views of Abelara are presented in two works -"Know himself and" dialogue between the philosopher "by Judea and the Christian." They are closely dependent on its theology.The basic principle of the ethical concept of Abelar is the assertion of the full moral responsibility of a person for his actions - both virtuous and sinful. Such an view is the continuation of the Abelovo position in the field of epistemology, the emphasis of the subjective role of a person in cognition.

Human activity is determined by his intentions. In itself, not a single act is neither kind nor evil. It all depends on intentions. A sinful act is one that is committed in contradiction with the beliefs of man. In accordance with these beliefs, the Abular believed that the pagans who pursued Christ did not commit any sinful actions, since these actions were not in conflict with their beliefs.

Ancient philosophers, although not supporters of Christianity, but acting in accordance with their high moral principles, were not sinful. The Abelior questioned the statement of the redeeming mission of Christ, which was not that he removed the sin of Adam and Eve from the human race, but that was an example of high morality, which should be followed by all of humanity. Abular believed that humanity inherited from Adam and Eve not the ability to sin, but only the ability to repent in it.

According to Abular, a person needs divine grace not to carry out good deeds, but as a reward for their implementation. All this contradicted the then widespread religious dogma and was condemned by the Sansky Cathedral as heresy. Blinnikov L. Brief Dictionary of Philosophical Personnel.