Pushkin illustrations biography

His mother, Nadezhda Osipovna, is the granddaughter of "Arap Peter the Great", a military engineer, the godson of the first Russian emperor Abram Gannibal. She was the grandchildren of her wife, Father Pushkin Sergei Lvovich. Arkady Kolybalov Little Pushkin was, according to the memoirs of Olga’s older sister, “just a fuss” - a silent, sedentary child. She was serf, so her name was simply Arina.

According to one version, her last name Yakovlev, and later, after marriage - Matveeva. Arina Rodionovna fell in love with little Pushkin in folk tales. French tutors taught the future poet the basics of Russian and French grammar, arithmetic, history, geography, drawing.

They introduced Pushkin to Russian poetry, Voltaire's works, Bomarschah and Moliere comedies. Alexander wrote his first verses at eight years, they were in French - it was on it that they spoke the Pushkin’s house. Initially, he composed small comedies in French. In the year, Pushkin entered the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he studied up to a year. Uncle Vasily Lvovich, who was familiar with the official Alexander Turgenev, helped him to enter the prestigious institution.

The future poet studied by the standards of that time in average. He managed well in Russian and French and fencing. Teachers noted that young Pushkin "was especially distinguished by an extraordinary memory and excellent knowledge of French literature. He should have read the page of some poem twice, and he could repeat it by heart without any mistake." In m, Pushkin published his first poem "To a Friend of the Poem" in the magazine "Bulletin of Europe".

This work struck the famous poet and statesman Gabriel Derzhavin, who at that time was 72 years old. And, in the coffin, he blessed. "In the years, Pushkin wrote his first poem" Ruslan and Lyudmila. "Critics took it ambiguously. Alexander Voeikov wrote that it was" a new, beautiful phenomenon in our literature ", but immodest:" ... Nagy, semi -naked, in one fort link due to writing caustic epigrams in relation to the authorities.

The poet traveled to the Caucasus and Crimea. Then he created the "Caucasian captive", "brothers-robbers", "Bakhchisarai fountain", the poem "Gypsies", began a novel in the verses of Eugene Onegin. In the year, Pushkin became a member of the Masonic lodge "Ovid". Her distinguishing sign was a long nail on one of the fingers - to preserve it, the poet wore a thimble on the right little finger.

In the year, the Novorossiysk and Bessarabian governor General Mikhail Vorontsov received a notice to send Pushkin from the service and transferred to the Pskov province due to the enthusiasm for atheism. The poet was sent to the "home link" to the Mikhailovskoye family estate. Here, for a year, he wrote near the works, including Boris Godunov, Count Nulin, and the continuation of Eugene Onegin.

In the year, after the death of Alexander I and the coronation of Nicholas I, the poet was allowed to return from exile. He was guaranteed the personal highest patronage and release from ordinary censorship. After the exile, the poet began to write the poem "Poltava" and a novel, whose heroes were Peter I and great -grandfather Abram Gannibal. In December, at the Moscow Balu, Pushkin met Summer Natalya Goncharova.

Six months later, he asked her hands. Natalia’s mother’s answer was vague: the older sisters were not married, the daughter is too young. In the year, the poet was welcomed again. In February, the couple married in the Church of the Great Ascension at the Nikitsky Gate. Pushkin was noticeably lower than his wife: his growth, according to various sources, was from centimeters.

Because of this, at secular receptions, the poet kept from Natalia at a distance, sometimes they even came separately. Pushkin liked to wear a cylinder and heels - this was then fashionable, but some believed that the reason for this was the difference in growth with Goncharova. In marriage, the spouses were born four children: Maria, Alexander, Grigory and Natalia. In the year, Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin founded the literary and socio-political magazine "Contemporary".

Gogol, Zhukovsky, Baratynsky and many others were printed in it. The magazine was published four times a year, but in the years when the poet led him, he was not successful. Pushkin was a gambling player, often lost large sums. Once he lost to the unpublished head of Eugene Onegin then returned it, and later - almost 25 thousand rubles, at that time a fantastic amount.

Debts "inspired" the poet: so, after a major loss, he wrote in two in the morning the poem "Count Nulin". The reason was Dantes's courtship after the poet’s wife, the release of anonymous Pasquil with offensive hints addressed to her and followed by this gossip. Pushkin was an experienced duelist: at least 20 challenges and four real fights were listed behind him. The poet did not shoot first, after the missing miss, he released a bullet into the air.

Dantes hit Pushkin in his stomach, he shot him in his hand. On the deathbed, the poet gave Zhukovsky his gold ring with a carved fulfent gift of Princess Vorontsova, to whom he dedicated the poem "Talisman".Pushkin died on February 10 in his house in St. Petersburg at the age of 37. The place of his burial is the clan tomb of the Gannibalov -Pushkin now the village of Pushkin Mountains of the Pskov Region.

Emperor Nicholas I paid for the poet’s funeral, paid all his card debts of 94 thousand rubles, ordered to provide the widow and daughters of the boarding house, and make his sons in pages and give out rubles for education. Pushkin’s works were published at the state account, the income from which he went to his family. Read us in Telegram.