Betskaya is a brief biography

Upon the return of Prince Trubetskoy from Stockholm, where he lived in captivity, to Russia, B. But during one learning he was dropped by a horse and was very mentioned when passing a squadron; This circumstance forced him to abandon military service. Having retired, he traveled around Europe and, by the way, in Paris was represented by the Duchess of the Angalt Tserbste-Johann-Elisavet of the Mother of Empress Catherine II, who at that time and later treated him very graciously.

In the city, at the same time, he was an adjutant under his father, as Field Marshal. On the night of the Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, on November 24-25, he was unprofitable under the Sovereign, who at the same time awarded him the Order of St. Catherine, withdrawn from herself. Soon, after that, the Duchess of the Angalt-Tserbste brought to Petersburg her daughter, chosen into the wife of the heir to the throne, led.

Peter Fedorovich. Here he lived about 15 years and, by the way, brought close acquaintance with encyclopedists, whose educational theories made a deep impression on him and subsequently laid the basis of the pedagogical reform he had taken in Russia. At the beginning of the year, Emperor Peter III called him to St. Petersburg, entrusted him with the main bosses over the office of the structure of the houses and gardens of His Majesty and granted him to the generals general.

Empress Catherine II, upon joining the throne, put B. in general, Catherine belonged to Betsky with great respect and surrounded him with honor; But he did not interfere in state affairs and had no influence on them; He dissolved a special area for himself - educational, and did not leave it. On March 3, on March 3, Having entrusted him all these establishments, Catherine made him into real secret advisers and awarded him with huge wealth, which he used a significant share of charity and especially for the development of educational institutions.

Having lived for some time in Moscow, he returned to St. Petersburg and discovered, on the model of Moscow, an educational house, and with him - Widowing, the safety and loan of the treasury, in whose favor he made huge donations. Studying, in addition to educational affairs, observing the official buildings, he took care of the decoration of St. Petersburg; The monuments of this activity remained: the monument to Peter the Great Falcon, the grille of the summer garden, the Nevsky bridge and the granite embankments of the Neva and the channels.

These words are cut out on the tombstone of Betsky, and indeed, they best characterize its meaning. As the culprit and chief figure of pedagogical reform in Russia, B. Catherine, who was as much as B. This idea of ​​creating a new breed of people by the power of education had a close connection with another thought: the need to prefer general education - to a special and at the same time pay special attention to the moral development of youth.

One teaching is powerless to produce truly useful citizens: in addition to enlightening the mind by science, the heart is necessary. This moral element should occupy the first place in education: the well -removal of students should be preferred to their success. Closed boarding schools should have appeared such an artificial obstacle, where it was supposed to withstand children until their mind matures and habits to another, enlightened environment.

The thought of the pedagogical was joined by a no less important political thought: to create an educated third estate in Russia, the absence of which was strongly felt in our state system. Their pupils, as well as the pets of the educational house and the commercial school, distinguished by well -remuneration and successes, received hereditary freedom and various civil rights.

Source: Encyclopedic Dictionary of F. Brockhaus and I. Betskoy Ivan Ivanovich [3 illegitimate son of Field Marshal N. studied in the Copenhagen Cadet Corps. In e gg. In - gg. Betskoy President of the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. In the year, he presented to Catherine II a school reform plan - “General Institution on the education of both sexes of youth”, in which he used the ideas of encyclopedists, J.

Locke and J. In the year the plan was approved, and Betsky was instructed to organize new and transform available educational institutions. According to the plan of Betsky, educational houses were opened in Moscow and St. Petersburg, a school for boys from different classes except for serfs at the Academy of Arts, a commercial school in Moscow, at the Sunday Smolny Monastery on the outskirts of St.

Petersburg, the institution of noble girls was founded with a department for girls from bourgeois.

Betskoy put the utopian task before raising a “new breed of people” - enlightened and humane nobles, merchants, industrialists, artisans - in order to smooth out class antagonisms in the interests of absolutism. With the strengthening of the noble reaction after the peasant war - cg. Betsky’s views on the methods of education were progressive for their time: educators should be “conscientious and example of worthy people”, teach without coercion, taking into account the tendencies of the child, and not apply bodily punishments.