Biography Hawkins Stephen

St. Petersburg 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St. In the photo: Stephen Hawking The life of this amazing person is an example of incredible vitality and stamina of the spirit that allowed him, almost completely paralyzed, not only to make sensational scientific discoveries, but also to remain a full -fledged member of society. Childhood and family parents of Stephen Hawking were immigrants from once wealthy families who were ruined due to the financial crisis x.

Despite the modest financial situation, both studied at the University of Oxford, although they did not intersect in the walls of the university: Frank Hawking studied medicine, and the Uker, the doctor, the doctor, became one of the first women who achieved higher education in such a prestigious university, and studied philosophy, political science and economics.

After graduating from the university, Navel changed several works, but all of them could not compare with prestigious posts, which, as a rule, were received by men who graduated from Oxford. Having worked as a tax inspector and hated this work, the woman abandoned everything and got a job as a secretary at the Hampstead Medical Research Institute. So she met her future husband, doctor Frank Hawking, who specialized in tropical diseases.

At the beginning of the Second World War they got married at the beginning of the Second World War. Novel was in the last month of pregnancy, when the spouses decided to move from the northern region of London, who were regularly subjected to the Germans bombing, to a more calm Oxford, which Germany, along with Cambridge, promised not to bomb in the exchange of Britain’s promise not to touch the main universities of Germany.

A week before the birth, Uzel walked along the streets of Oxford and, going to the bookstore, bought an atlas of starry sky for some inexplicable impulse. In the future, she regarded this act as a sign that anticipated the achievement of her child. Like the fact that Stephen was born on the summer anniversary of the death of Galileo Galileo, the inventor of the telescope. The parents of Stephen Hawking hold the first -born in the arms of Stephen was born on January 8 of the year and became the first of the four children Frank and Novel.

In addition to Stephen, two of his sisters, Mary and Philip, as well as the adopt, Edward, grew up in the family. In years, the father of the family headed the Department of Parasitology at the National Institute of Medical Research, and the hoking moved to St. Albans, Hartfordshire. Family dinner had dinner in grave silence: they read something for food. They lived in an old, large, but by no means a spacious house, cluttered with all sorts of rubbish and in need of repair.

Frank had a modest car, which was a taxi in the past. The house, in which Stephen Hawking, passed, the father dreamed of sending his son to the prestigious Westminster boarding school, but the training was too expensive. Stephen was among the candidates for a grant, but on the day of the exams fell ill and, as a result, was forced to attend an ordinary city school. Stephen grew up with an active, inquisitive and persistent child, Stephen grew up with an inquisitive and ingenious child, persistent and stubborn.

He liked to feel like a winner, he had no equal checkers and chess. Parents devoted a lot of time and effort to the intellectual development of children, there were many books in the house, and conversations were often conducted about theology and laws of the universe. Hawkings taught their offspring to think large -scale and always get to the bottom of things, not trusting other people's evaluative judgments.

There were no forbidden topics in the family, the issues of sexual relations, non -traditional orientation and unwanted pregnancy were openly discussed, which was quite unusual for the stiff conservative England. In childhood, Stephen Hawking, Stephen, developed and collected his first computer with friends, which, although it was the size of a refrigerator, but solved binary logical problems.

But at school, the young man was far from the best student, although classmates called him Einstein. Stephen did not have much desire to spend his precious time on lessons, and most of the items were bored. He liked to engage in self -education more, solve complex logical problems or just watch for hours in the starry sky, sitting with his mother in the backyard and thinking about the secrets of the universe.

Education after graduating from high school before the young men was the question of a future profession. Father insisted on medical education, but Mathematics, natural science and physics were closer to Stephen. Stephen Hawking, a freshman of the University of Oxford at the age of 17, easily entered the famous Oxford University, which his parents graduated from, began to study physics and soon became one of the best students on the course.

Stephen in the Groce Student Row on the right, study was given to him easily, there was time for sports in Oxford, he took up academic rowing and funny friendly parties. In addition, Steve had a wonderful sense of humor and was the soul of any youth company.Hawking was the soul of any company in the photo: in a white shirt, holds a scarf later Hawking calculated that in three years of study in Oxford he was present at the classroom for only one thousand hours an hour a day, but, nevertheless, he was considered an outstanding student with deep intelligence and an unusually developed horizon.

In the year, Hawking graduated from the University of Oxford with honors in the year Stephen graduated with honors from Oxford and entered the University of Cambridge to protect the degree of Doctor of Sciences. By this time, signs of a terrible disease began to appear, which soon radically changed his life and made Hawking disabled. Before the illness, Stephen Hawking, initially, began to notice that his movements became ill and unbalanced, then began to fall into fainting, after which he could not recover for a long time and did not understand where he was.

For some time he managed to hide health problems from the family, but the disease progressed, and soon everyone became obvious that he was seriously ill. The examination showed that Steven in his 22 years develops lateral amyotrophic sclerosis, also known as the disease of motor neurons, leading to complete paralysis and ambulance. Doctors gave young hoking two years of life.

The conclusion of the doctors plunged the young man into a state of deep depression - he closed in himself, did not communicate with anyone, and the whole family was shocked by what was happening. Stephen was just about to marry Jane Wilde, he was seen a great future. And now rainbow plans collapsed before our eyes. Stephen was depressed and did not understand what to do.

He no longer saw the point of continuing scientific research, the doctoral degree also seemed unnecessary and useless to him. Hawking listened to Wagner for days and was preparing for an imminent death, but fate ordered otherwise and gave him the opportunity to return to a full -fledged life, albeit in a wheelchair, to which Stephen was chained in the year. The wife became a faithful friend, devoted to a comrade -in -arms and loving wife.

The prospect of dying early forced me to understand that life is worth living. Hawking continued his studies and received the degree of doctor of physics in Cambridge. In the year, his essay on the singularity of “singularity and the geometry of space-time” was noted by the Adams Prize, which is awarded to the best young mathematicians of Britain. In the year, Hawking was forced to transfer to a wheelchair, the spouses had to survive a lot of difficult moments together - in the year, Stephen became seriously ill with pneumonia and, after the tracheostomy conducted, almost completely lost the ability to speak.

For communication, a special computer with a synthesizer of speech was mounted in its wheelchair. At first, Hawking controlled it with the help of the finger of his right hand, and when he was completely atrophied - the cheek muscle to which a special sensor was attached. In the year, Stephen Hawking’s chair spoke in love and engagement became a powerful motivation for hoking - he needed to get a doctoral degree and find a good job to support his family.

However, the material side of the issue has always been in second place. The scientist has repeatedly said that interest in the study of the secrets of our Universe means incomparably more than any awards and money. He resumed his research in the field of the theory of the Big Bang. Scientific justifications of the possible origin of the Universe helped the young scientist not only successfully defend the dissertation, but also get a grant for further research.

Stephen Hawking: About life, disability and humor of the quarry and scientific discoveries, the professional reputation of Hawking was so high that after the end of Cambridge, Stevens were offered a job at the college of Gonville and Kiz - one of the branches of Cambridge University. In his career, she gained momentum with a rapid pace - Hawking taught at the departments of applied mathematics, astronomy and theoretical physics, was engaged in research in the field of “black holes” and the origin of the universe, wrote many scientific works that were noted awards in the field of cosmology and astronomical physics.

In the year, the scientist discovered what is now called the “second law of physics of black holes” - for any classical processes, the area of ​​the surface of the black hole and, therefore, its entropy does not decrease. The main enemy of knowledge is not at all ignorance, but an illusion of knowledge. In the year, the first book of Hawking in co-authorship with George Ellis “The Large-scale structure of space-time” was seen.

On the pages, the scientist outlined his eyes on the nature of black holes and the infinity of the universe. Stephen Hawking at the beginning of the year later Stephen described in detail electromagnetic radiation, due to which the “black holes” break up and cease to exist. In the year, this phenomenon was called “Hawking Radiation”. A brief history of time was often shocked by the scientific community, but over time it became clear that its theories not only had the right to exist, but also confirmed by the research of other scientists.Several times, Stephen made a bet with his opponents in which he did not always go out the winner.

To Hawking's honor, he always knew how to recognize his mistakes, which forced him with even greater zeal to continue the search for truth. The scientist became one of the youngest members of the London Royal Society, and five years later - the Lukasov professor of Cambridge University. For more than twenty years, Hawking headed a group occupied by the theory of relativity and the principles of gravity, found the Center for Theoretical Cosmology under Cambridge.

Several times, Stephen Hawking visited the Soviet Union: in Moscow he discussed the problem of “black holes” with leading domestic physicists Zeldovich and Starobinsky, and in the international seminar for quantum gravity. Stephen Hawking in the USSR year in the year, during a conference in the Vatican, Hawking presented his work, in a cat noted that the Universe was probably infinite.

A few years later, Stephen, along with James Hartl, refuted the concept of the birth of the universe in the usual sense. In their opinion, the universe did not start, it was singular in space and time even before the big explosion, it has no beginning, as there is no end. Stephen Hawking and the theory of everything perceive the universe as a quantum particle, Hawking and Hartle suggested that the cosmos has the shape of a flower lord, endlessly expanding up from the zero diameter at the lower point, and deduced the formula for the wave function of the universe, enclosing the totality of all possible universes into it.

The outstanding contribution of Hawking to science was marked by many honorary awards, including the Order of the British Empire, the Order of the Cavaliers of Honor, the gold medal of Pius of the XI, awarded by the Papal Academy of Sciences, and other orders and medals of different countries. The popularization of science and forecasts for the future, the scientist admitted that his first large-scale labor “large-scale structure of space-time” turned out to be too difficult to perceive even a prepared reader.

At the same time, Stephen longed to share public discoveries, considered the popularization of science the most important contribution to the development of civilization. My brief story. Stephen Hawking. He wrote and published more than two dozen books that dispersed in huge circulations in the world. Among them are many books for children written in a simple affordable language.

In the year, he published a popular science work “Brief History of Time”, today translated into 40 languages. In it, the form accessible to a simple reader explains the theory of strings and a large explosion. The first edition of the “Brief History of Time” with the Hawking autograph also actively participated in the creation of documentaries that reveal the secret of the origin of the universe and other worlds.

In the latter, the scientist shares his thoughts on the future earthly civilization, which, in his opinion, is in serious danger. Stephen saw the main threats in a global climate change, an impending nuclear disaster, as well as in the distribution of new viruses grown in secret laboratories on the planet. Another risk factor Hawking considered uncontrolled research in the field of genetics and artificial mind, which can lead to irreversible consequences.

Together with Ilon Mask and Steve Vozniak, the scientist wrote an open letter addressed to the governments of leading countries, calling for prohibiting the development of killer robots and stopping the arms race. Hawking believed that the earth was doomed to death by Stephen saw many options for the death of the planet and by the year predicted the full death of earthly civilization. Based on this, he urged now to search for a new house for future generations and, yet it is too late to master space space.

He was sure that in the universe we were not alone, although he assumed that the meeting of earthlings with aliens could bear certain risks. Hawking has repeatedly appeared on the screens, acting in feature films, series and advertising. His film defenses took place in the Star Road: the next generation, the scientist can also be seen in several episodes of the cult series “The Big Bang Theory”.

In addition, Stephen became the hero of the popular cartoons “Simpsons”, “Futurama”, whose characters say his voice. The unusual synthesized Hawking voice also sounds in some musical compositions of the Pink Floyd group. Stephen Hawking in Simpsons in the years took place of the world premiere of the feature film “Universe of Stephen Hawking”, based on the memoirs of his first wife Jane.