Biography of Sergei Zubatov

The head of the security officers Sergey Zubatov could save Russia from the revolution love for special services - an abnormal phenomenon, as, indeed, hatred. Nevertheless, the situation in the country is more complicated, the more disputes around the Russian special services, 86 years ago an event occurred, at first glance unremarkable against the backdrop of grandiose changes in that time.

He voluntarily passed away, letting himself a bullet into a temple, a man whose activity was associated with a whole era, even if she fit in the fifteen years of his active activity. This era and the name with which it was connected became commoner in the history of the revolution. And her name is Zubatovshchina. Sergey Vasilievich Zubatov, no matter how we relate to him, was, of course, the brightest figure on the political arena of the late XIX - early XX centuries.

He was unloved by many. And those with whom he fought, and those for whom he did his not very honorable work. The revolution became a plane for entire generations of Russian people. But revaluation of history does not always lead to a revaluation of personalities. And if we are talking about a representative of special services, then rehabilitation cannot talk. However, the name of the court adviser Sergei Vasilievich Zubatov has long been rehabilitated in essence.

All special services of the world are investigating, whether it is criminal or political according to its method. Sergey Vasilyevich Zubatov is called differently: a great provocateur, a genius of political investigation, a villain and a reformer. He was born in Moscow in the year, exactly two years after the abolition of serfdom. Boiling passions, political struggles against the backdrop of the ongoing reforms did not pass by the gymnasium in which he studied.

From the sixth grade, Zubatov turned out to be a participant in the work of a radical youth circle. The leadership of the gymnasium did not like this, and he, like many of his comrades, had to leave the gymnasium. Later, after marriage, he became a member of the revolutionary circle, who was gathered in the apartment, or rather, in the library of his wife A. He was respected, loved.

The spread of radical ideas in society was a characteristic feature of that time. Permanent police control over the activities of circles could not but affect the internal atmosphere of this circle. A conversation with him was held by the head of the Moscow secret police Berdyaev. The conversation lasted a long time and at first glance resembled the dialogue of two revolutionaries who tried to find the truth where it might not have been.

But the fact remains: they agreed that something should be done for the future structure of Russia, that much of what is happening today is harmful to Russian society. That not everything is so simple and not to turn the story alone. That not only sincere patriots are feeding on this field, who are careful about the fate of the Fatherland, but for the most part people who have come in the wake of fashion are not so much ambitious as vains who care not about the fate of Russia, but see exclusively the form of self -expression, turning revolutionary circles into especially dangerous sects, where processes dangerous for citizens and states ripen.

And with provocateurs under the guise of revolutionaries, it is necessary to fight. The consent to cooperation with the power of Zubatov gave without hesitation. Today they argue a lot, whether Zubatov was a provocateur in essence or whether he deeply idealistically perceived the surrounding reality and therefore made unforgivable mistakes that are more than a crime. Was he the faithful son of his Fatherland or, on the contrary, fought against one, with his actions by tracing the law, destroying morality and morality and, in the end, contributed to the collapse of Russia?

The participants of the revolutionary circle gathered at parties became the subject of the deepest, now professional research of Sergei Vasilyevich. He looked at many and a lot with other eyes. Burning Eye, hysterical speeches. Words, words, words, but no matter what the peaks of human justice they say, almost all of them were against the current legislation of criminals. The criminals who sow the people of the troubles, who call for the revolution, who prepare, and often carry out terrorist acts, and simply brutal killings of people who were guilty only in that they serve the sovereign.

The statistics of that time are the statistics of political murders. Dozens of governors, dozens of polysmasters, hundreds of ordinary police officers died at the hands of terrorists, or bombers, as they were called in those years, leaving orphans of children, widows of wives. Often, people who occupy a position were sentenced to death without a clan, without a tribe, people with the burning eyes of reformers-revolutionaries only because he occupied a certain position within the framework of the existing state.

The excitement with which this hunt was conducted is the subject of the study of psychologists, or maybe psychiatrists. Indeed, often the victims of the terrorists were random passers -by, who were at the fatal moment in the place where the other paranoid was the court to do. He performed to ascend with the same burning look at the scaffold.Zubatov did not just fulfill the instructions of the guard, he approached the case creatively, and not always his task was to identify and transfer to the executioners of one or another revolutionary.

He had his own principles, he had his own approaches to the state structure, he had his own view of the development of society. Subsequently, after many decades, some wise person will formulate the principle of Zubatov based on his gendarme activity. If you can’t fight evil, you need to lead it. In the end, he headed him, although his efforts were not always crowned with success, and the result was not the one he wanted.

The guard, which had numerous materials about the criminal activities of members of revolutionary circles, began mass sweeps. He did not stand aside from this process and Zubatov. According to his information about the criminal activities of members of the circles, more than a person, which participated in the revolutionary movement and became socially dangerous, was isolated from society.

We can’t even assume how many victims managed to avoid how many people then saved the Zubatov from the attempts of terrorists. Revolutionary youth perceived the murder of representatives of the authorities as their inevitable punishment for "scolded freedom", and themselves as an instrument of retaliation for the sins and crimes of the authorities. The terrorists considered their death a high and necessary victim in the name of justice, rising to the scaffold with the complete awareness of their own rightness and conviction.

The process of defeating anti -state structures was collapse. This number of failures, of course, could not but cause suspicion within the revolutionary environment itself, the exposure of Zubatov was predetermined. The leadership of the Moscow secret police is looking for a way out: how to get out of the development of his faithful agent. The exit is found standard - Zubatov becomes a full -time employee of the Moscow Security Department.

From for the year - an assistant, and the head of the Moscow secret police. As a person, of course, talented, thinking, who knows firsthand the problem of the revolutionary movement from the inside, he literally becomes an innovator of his business, and, having occupied a leading post, gets the opportunity to realize the accumulated ideas in operational-search activities. If you carefully read the materials, many of which are personally written by Zubatov, each professional will say that we are dealing with a revolutionary breakthrough from a chaotic, ineffective and to a certain extent conservative detective craft to a fundamentally different, based on a forecast, analytics, deep knowledge of the subject, the desire to reproduce and neutralize the onset of grave consequences.

Moreover, a lot, if not most of the invented by him became an alphabet of the investigation. To control the revolutionary groups, Zubatov ordered only their leading links to arrest, ordinary participants were left "for wiring." Only in exceptional cases, when, for example, the murder of a prominent dignitary was ploted or an attempt on the persons of the imperial surname was prepared, the gendarmes completely eliminated the organization.

Such a system of struggle against the revolutionary movement was subsequently adopted by all security departments and gendarmes. And here was by no means an evil or particularly insidious intent. Everyone who was associated with the problems of evidence understands that only what was really in the actions of the accused can be proved.

A lot of participants in the revolutionary groups acted as statists. And all of their fault consisted only in the fact that they shared the views of their teachers. Total stripping could not give anything but compromise of the authorities. The seizure of leaders for a while paralyzed the actions of attackers. In those years of revolutionary fights, Zubatov saw and realized the main thing that the operational-search activity, deprived of thought, forecast and understanding of circumstances, as well as the existing principles "hold and not to let" not only outdated, they became harmful.

The old police apparatus was practically doomed to failure, since people who joined the revolutionary movement were young and much more educated than their opponents who worked in security structures. Zubatov laid fundamentally new approaches to intelligence activities, creating the so -called institution of internal agents. He created a powerful extensive network of his sources in the most key areas, which came from the threat to the state and public security of Russia, primarily a terrorist nature.

The conservative system, which he led over time, violently resisted innovations in a detective case. Many of the security officers were uneducated and hardened in their thinking, many leaders have long survived their age, and therefore any body movements that they had to make, executing the orders and instructions of the young and energetic leader, were heavy for them.

He worked hard and hardly working with every revolutionary with whom fate was reduced. Intelligent appearance, passion, pressure, ability to convince and much turned out.It turned out if it was not “referred”, then he managed to convince many of the unlawfulness of actions. And at the same time, like no one else, he saw in Marxism, which gained strength in the political life of Russia, a serious danger, and therefore took all measures to destroy this danger from the inside.

To create conditions under which the revolutionary movement will not develop in itself, but will constantly be under the vigilant control of state authorities. Nevertheless, the situation was complicated. Russia was approaching disaster. Inside the revolutionary intelligentsia, a riot has matured. And this rebellion could bring to the surface such forces in front of which the entire state machine, the whole society will be helpless.

Links and hard labor for many revolutionaries were not just a school, not just universities in the struggle, they were landfills where a new deadly weapon is tested. A weapon that will blow up the empire. Well, who, and Sergey Zubatov knew it great. In the circles that he visited, there were not refined boys, but rebels with a capital letter, the only purpose of which was to destroy, kill, die.

Fanatics with burning eyes! All of them can be expected. It is there that now in the night silence of the Turukhan, Irkutsk, Tomsk, Omsk winter, Hydra matures, which will destroy both the autocracy and the revolutionaries themselves and their children. If the socialists own it, the revolution in Russia will be inevitable. "How was it right in its approaches to the fight against the" political infection ", which in thirty years actually blooded new Russia.

His idea of ​​economic education was supported, supported at the very top. The concept of the system of police socialism contained four principles: - the denial of all forms and methods of violence, replacement of the revolutionary movement “Evolutionary”; “Extracurricular” - in the field of social relations, includes the “arbitrariness, prone to justice”;