Kuban Cossacks biography

Sen, the history of the Cossacks, Cossacks, the Old Believers, articles, the reading room in recent years have appeared new studies on the history of the Cossack communities of Kuma, Agrakhani and Kuban, associated with their origin with the Don and the Don split of the X. We are talking about the results of the struggle of the Don Old Believers for the “old faith” - the first “fratricidal war” in the history of the Don Cossacks by N.

The historiographical situation today is as follows: posed primarily by the works of O. Usenko and B. Bowk and partially resolved by the general efforts of specialists, questions on the history of these Cossack communities of the Northern Caucasus allow us to turn to private aspects of studying the topic. Among them I will highlight the following: social stratification of the Cossack communities of the Caucasus - immigrants from the Don religious, sex and age, property, quantitative composition of the Kum, agrakhan and Kuban Cossacks; Sources of replenishment of the ranks of the Kuban Cossacks since the Kum and agrakhan Cossacks by the end of the 17th century.

The statement of new issues and their resolution became possible thanks to new research approaches and the introduction of new documentary sources into the scientific circulation. A similar conclusion can be drawn by analyzing the results of studying the topic in the latest historiography in relation to the history of the Don Cossacks, to the history of the Old Believers in the Don and the North Caucasus, to the history of the relations of the Don and Muslim states of the Black Sea region, and finally, to the history of the Cuban of the Cuban, T.

Among topical research issues related to the past Don Cossacks-Nonfondom to the North Caucasus at the end of the XVII century. In such a wording, the research problem was not previously posed in science. Among the Cossack leaders are the city of Kupreyanov Kupriyanov, S. Lavrentiev, P. Murzenko, L. Manotsky, I. Nekrasov, S. Pakhomov, K. Churnosov Chyurnosov and some others.

The figure of I. Nekrasov is somewhat “knocked out” from this series otherwise, it is necessary to include K. Bulavin, I. Pavlov, S. Rumor, N. Naked, S. Besphanny, etc., however, subsequently the nominal list of Cossack leaders can endure changes, which will be associated with the expansion of the chronology of a future study and the personal series of the personalities of interest to us.

These leaders played a noticeable role in the history of the “Don split” and the subsequent Cossack outcome from Don to the North Caucasus, in the processes of adaptation of their Cossacks to new realities. The relevance of the issue under consideration is determined by several circumstances. So, there are considerable gaps in the reconstruction of biographies of leaders of large folk movements, in the life of which the inner circle played a noticeable role.

An analysis of the composition of this environment, often represented by people with talented and bright, will allow us to investigate a lot: the organizational abilities of folk leaders, their ability to search and find able to put forward capable people; Of course, the leaders trusted the personal preferences of the Cossack leaders in the choice of such people than the rest of the rebels; Forms and mechanisms of communication of folk leaders with the masses, the circumstances of their coming to power.

This will help from different sides to study not only the individual qualities of the leaders of folk movements, but also the personal composition of those who fixed the leadership qualities and the leadership position of the leaders, who observed them in various situations, who communicated more often and more than others with the leaders of movements. Thus, it is promising to show the general and special in the history of military leadership on the example of folk movements in Russia the latest discussion, see the relevance of the issue under study, it is also necessary to study the hierarchy of the rebel protested structures and “groups of influence”, trying to identify the general and special in building the concentration of such associates around one figure of the UP conflicts and tension in relationships.

P. Avakov recently set out an interesting version, reconstructing the motives of K. Bulavin’s actions to “spray” the rebel forces: “Did these actions of the chieftain of secret motifs related to the desire to eliminate ... the masses of the rebels and their leaders of S. Nekrasov and others. Disagreeing with the historian, in the summer of K. Bulavin, as V. Bulavin notes in the summer, as V.

Maul, “contrary to a priori confidence, it turns out that we know almost nothing about the closest environment of E. Pugachev, who consisted of such colorful personalities as I. Arapov, I. Beloborodov, I. Gryaznov, I. Zarubin, A. Ovchinnikov, A. Perfiliev, T. Podarov, V. Tornov, M. Shigaev and others. Therefore, the biographical history of Pugachevna is one of the obvious historiographic reserves of science ”[9, p.

For the role of the associates of S. Razin - mentors of the “thieves' evil” and “advisers” by the chieftain - in the history of movement - gg. The researcher indicated that often before us are large figures of the uprising, the information about which sometimes has not been preserved enough [19, p.Consequently, the study of collective biographies of the associates of folk leaders can contribute to the acquisitional knowledge about the paths, forms and mechanisms of “embedding” such personalities into the hierarchy of the rebel leadership, and sometimes about their own attitude to the leader and to the prospects of their personal status and status.

No wonder V. Soloviev is asking another important question, and today does not imply an unambiguous answer, “who, after S. Razin, has a leading role in the movement, who among the rebel chieftains, as they would say today, in the top ten ... moreover, there are quite obscure moments, it is not possible to comment yet” [19, p. Of course, much of the foregoing refers to the reconstruction of biographies not only, say, S.

Razin, K. Bulavin, E. Pugachev, who traditionally attracted the attention of historians of different generations [eg. Cossack leaders of the Don and Kuban of the Cossack origin of G. Kupriyanov organically fit into the research space of the biographics of folk movements in Russia, so far in the question of which was discussed at the beginning of the article. Their leadership qualities were formed on the Don, and many have passed the test of time beyond its borders.

At the same time, the Don land never fell out of sight of the leaders of interest to us, even if they were not going to return there. Like the leaders of other large -scale folk movements, these people were able to lead many non -conformists, while demonstrating noticeable personal qualities and willingness to be in the forefront. In the format of one work, it is problematic to illuminate the main aspects of the declared topic, so we dwell on some of them:-Firstly, the study of a typical and repeating in life and behavior of Cossack leaders will help create their collective biography.

This, on the one hand, will make it possible to replenish the gaps of individual biographies, on the other hand, to establish the general that led the persons of interest to us to the position of leaders who managed to unite different people around themselves in crisis times. Prosopographic research will also allow more to investigate the history of military leadership on the Don, irreducible to the Institute of Ataman authorities.

At different stages of their life path, all these faces managed to head various Cossack groups and communities including Cossack troops! It is curious that, mostly, these were the same opponents for all these Cossack leaders. It is also fruitful to identify reasons that at one time led to future leaders to exacerbate relations with the authorities and to their radicalization of their behavior; -Secondly, it is necessary to compare the conditions in which the named leaders were born and grew up, which allowed them to form their own style of behavior and get recognition from the Cossacks.

Almost all of these leaders united Cossack origin or long accommodation on the Don already written the first biographies of S. Lavrentieva and K. Churnosov [8; 13]. They are the Don Cossacks at the same time some - riding, such as S. Pakhomov and I. Nekrasov, although there are no reasons for the influence of this factor on the entire group, although representing different generations.

Probably, the youngest of them was I. Nekrasov, who was supposedly born at the end of the xg. Murzenko, I. Nekrasov, K. special attention should be paid to the innovative study of N. Mininkov, who identified for the 17th century. It is promising to investigate the general and special in the system of cultural values ​​and ideas of different generations of Cossack leaders who, by their example, raised the Don Cossacks to fight.

The “metis” origin of some leaders from among the Cossacks, whom contemporaries called tumes, the presence of even some additional incentives for leadership here, draws attention. There are historical evidence that S. Pakhomov - the leader of the “old” Kuban Cossacks - was a tuma and “before this row, such a series can probably be continued - another major leader of the Cossacks - L.

Manotsky - the Donians called Tuma in their songs [11, p. Indirect these nicknames indicate the corresponding origin and P. Murzenko - another leader of the Cossacks who went to the Caucasus, who avoided reprisals to the Don. It is unlikely that it was precisely the indicated Cossacks of such an “interesting” origin, among other leaders, the Donians who broke with the Don and then crossed the “border of the worlds” were led.

The social activity of people of this type and origin is obvious. Here, in my opinion, we can talk about the presence of some additional incentives to fight for leadership and risk the presence of some additional incentives.