Javakhishvili Mikhail Biography

Born: November 8, Corakvi, Georgia, the Russian Empire died: September 30, he was born in the village of Carakvi, which is now in the Kvemo Kartli region, which then was part of the Russian Empire. The reason for the change of surname was explained by the writer himself later. According to him, his grandfather, the nearest Javakhishvili, a noble family from Kartley's province killed a man, because of which he had to flee in Kakheti, where he took the new Tokolkishvili name.

Soon, Grandfather Mikhail, Adam, returned to Kartli. And his son Saba was registered as Adamashvili. Mikhail bore this name in his youth, but later he took the surname of his ancestors - Javakhishvili. He ... entered the school of gardening and viticulture in Yalta, but the family tragedy forced him to quit his studies: the robbers killed his mother and sister, and his father soon died.

Returning to Georgia in the year, he worked at a medical unit in Kakheti. His first story was published in the year under the pseudonym Dzhavakhishvili, followed by a series of journalistic articles criticizing the Russian authorities. In the year, tsarist political repression forced him to emigrate to France, where he studied art and political economy at the University of Paris.

He published the magazine "Eri" "Nation", for which he was judged and expelled from Georgia in the year. He returned in the year and, after almost a fifteen -year pause, resumed written activities. In the year, he joined the National Democratic Party of Georgia and was in opposition to the Soviet Government of Georgia, created in the same year. In the year, during the Bolshevik attacks on the party, Javakhishvili was arrested and sentenced to death, but was justified through the mediation of the Georgian Union of Writers and was released after six months of imprisonment.

The reconciliation of Javakhishvili with the Soviet government was only superficial and his attitude with the new authorities remained difficult. Because of his patriotic views, Javakhishvili was arrested and exiled several times even in the era of tsarist Russia. After the collapse of the First Georgian Democratic Republic and the formation of the Georgian SSR, the writer has always been under special observation because of his views and former members of the National Democratic Party.

He was suspected of participating in patriotic uprisings, he was imprisoned after a series of interrogations and torture, sentenced to death. He survived only because Sergo Ordzhonikidze “showed mercy”, which was personally asked by his close friends of Javakhishvili critic Pavel Ingokrokva and the famous doctor Nikoloz Kipshidze. Although the relationship between the writer and the ruling regime has always been tense, in the year, Javakhishvili collided with the Toroshelidze Malaki, the President of the Writers' Union and the People's Commissar on Education, suspected of Trotskyism, after the latest classical Georgian literature.

With the coming to the power of Lavrenty Beria, the ban was canceled, and Javakhishvili breathed freely for a short time. His "Arsen from Marabda" was reprinted and filmed. Nevertheless, he was not able to avoid bitter criticism from the Bolsheviks even after he published a more moderate work in the year - the "fate of a woman." The Soviet ideologist Vladimir Ermilov condemned the novel, claiming that he illustrates the Bolsheviks as pure terrorists.

Soon, Beria was outraged by the refusal of Javakhishvili on his advice to describe the activities of the Bolsheviks in pre -revolutionary Georgia. In addition, Javakhishvili was suspected of warning and obstructing the arrest of writer Grigol Robakidze and providing him with assistance in escaping in Germany back in the year. Four days later, on July 26, the Presidium of the Union voted: “Mikhail Dzhavakhishvili, as an enemy of the people, a spy and saboteur, should be excluded from the Writers' Union and physically destroyed.

Only the critic of Gerronia Kikodze left the union’s session in protest than to give consent to this arbitrariness.

The writer was arrested on August 14 and tortured him in the presence of Beria yet. He was shot on September 30, and his archives were destroyed, his brother was shot, and his widow was sent to exile.